Wednesday, 11 June 2014

IEA and the golden age of gas in China

The IEA has released its latest medium term report on the prospects for global gas markets (found here), with the focus predominantly on China.  The IEA is looking for a near-doubling of Chinese gas demand to 2019, with additional supply coming on stream from several sources.

This doesn't appear to account for the latest deal announced between China and Russia for an additional 38 bcm of piped gas by 2018, which is likely to shift the demand and supply picture even further.

The new deal agreed by China and Russia is big in the context of current piped gas imports, which in 2013 were around 29.3 bcm.  So far in 2014, imports via piped gas have been stable rather than growing, with shipments from the new Myanmar pipeline offsetting shrinking volumes from Uzbekistan.

The initial cost of new pipeline gas from Russia to China is not cheap, with industry estimates at $10-10.50 BTU.  That is a lower than prevailing spot prices in Asia, but is high compared to prices in Europe and the US.

This is understandable given the high cost of capex to initially get Russian pipelines into China and costs should drop as supply becomes scalable. Reports are that this project could ultimately provide up to 61 bcm of gas.

A key question is whether this new source of pipeline gas will displace LNG, domestic gas production or perhaps alternative fuels.

The IEA estimates an China will incrementally consume 150 bcm of gas by 2019, with have of that being supplied via domestic unconventional supplies. LNG was expected to account for the bulk of the rest of demand.

That probably remains the case even with the Russian pipeline deal given most additional regasification plants are planned in Southern provinces that don't have much planned infrastructure to transport gas from the North via pipelines.

China's LNG imports have been stronger in the year to date, particularly coming into the start of 2014. This is a surprise given global LNG supply has been mostly flat over the last 12-18 months, suggesting Chinese demand is displacing demand from elsewhere.  So while much of the focus is on long-term contracts with Korean and Japanese buyers and the price they are looking to pay, it would appear that demand tension from China is already supporting higher prices.